Territories seized, defended, or sealed shut from the inside.

A giraffe walked into the Ming court in 1414, and the Confucian scholars decided it was proof from heaven.

He gave away so much gold in Cairo that the Egyptian economy took twelve years to recover — and somewhere on the way home, he ran out of money entirely.

He took the fortress that defeated Napoleon, routed the Ottoman army, and marched to within a hundred miles of Constantinople — and then his father told him to wait.