
Oddlet: Duchess of Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish · 1 min read
Mar 13, 2026
The Woman Who Wrote the Future
She arrived at the Royal Society in 1666, critiqued their methods to their faces, and they used her visit as justification to ban every woman who came after her — for 278 years.
Margaret Cavendish published twenty-one books of philosophy, poetry, and science under her own name in an age when most women writers published under none at all. She wrote the first critical essay on Shakespeare. She sat in on salons with Hobbes and Descartes — then published critiques of both.
In 1666, she also wrote one of the earliest works of science fiction, a full 152 years before Frankenstein.
She designed her own clothes, which scandalized London so thoroughly that Samuel Pepys could barely write about anything else. She reportedly rode through the city in a coach pulled by eight white bulls. She attended the theater in a dress cut so low that one observer noted her breasts were "all laid out to view," accessorized with what the same account delicately described as "scarlet trimmed nipples." Pepys huffed that "all the town-talk is now-a-days of her extravagancies."
On May 30, 1667, she arrived at the Royal Society — the first woman ever to attend. The Fellows showed her experiments with air pressure and color mixing. She critiqued their methods to their faces.
They called her Mad Madge. They cited her eccentricity as reason enough to keep every woman out after her.
The ban held for 278 years.
She had been right about the science fiction, though. She had written a world that didn't exist yet.
Know someone who’d love this?
- Wikipedia — Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne — Comprehensive overview; well-cited; good for biographical facts and reception history. Cross-check specific claims.
- Royal Society Blog — "First Lady" — Written by the Royal Society itself, drawing on their own Journal Book and Council minutes from 1667. Highly reliable for the Royal Society visit.
- Science History Institute — "First Lady" — Peer-reviewed institutional source; excellent on her natural philosophy and the Royal Society context.
- English Heritage — Margaret Cavendish — Reliable heritage organization; good on fashion, biography, and the Royal Society visit.
- Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Cavendish, Margaret — Peer-reviewed philosophical reference; authoritative on her natural philosophy and the Newcastle Circle.
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy — Margaret Lucas Cavendish

A Bottle for Hampstead
In September 1854, the only cholera death in Hampstead was a widow whose favourite drinking water was carted daily from a pump on Broad Street.

Mrs Guppy
In February 1858, delirious with malaria on Ternate, Alfred Russel Wallace drafted natural selection in two evenings; thirteen years later, at a séance on Lamb's Conduit Street, he watched Mrs Guppy thump onto the table three miles from her accounts, unconscious in her nightdress, still holding her pen.

Hat Honour
George Fox would not remove his hat for any man alive, which by 1655 had placed a piece of felt between him and Oliver Cromwell.
Wonder, delivered.
A fresh Oddlet in your inbox every morning, a full day before everyone else. True, strange and under a minute.
Free forever. Unsubscribe anytime.